Czas przyszły w przeszłości w języku angielskim

Czas przyszły w przeszłości w języku angielskim – zbiór konstrukcji gramatycznych w języku angielskim, służących do opisywania przyszłych wydarzeń z punktu widzenia w przeszłości.

Future in the Past jest czasem, który traktuje przyszłość, czyli zdarzenia, które jeszcze nie miały miejsca, z przeszłego punktu widzenia^[1]. Wyraża te same relacje czasowe co formy przyszłe, tyle że z przeszłej perspektywy: In 2004 I arrived to the town, where I would spend fifteen years → W roku 2004 przyjechałem do miasta, w którym miałem spędzić następne 15 lat. Wydarzenia opisywane w ten sposób nie odnoszą się w żaden sposób do teraźniejszości, mogły nastąpić bądź nie w chwili wypowiadania zdania.

Przyszłość w przeszłości może być wyrażana w następujący sposób:

konstrukcją was/were to^[2]: Henry, who joined the army in 1788, was to become captain in 1808 → Henry, który wstąpił do wojska w roku 1788, został kapitanem w r. 1808. That was an event which would be remembered → To było zdarzenie, które zostanie zapamiętane.
konstrukcją was going to^[2]: Everyone was excited, because the new theatre was going to be opened → Wszyscy byli podnieceni, bo miano otworzyć nowy teatr.
Czasem Past Progressive^[2]: She left earlier today, because she was taking the train to Kiruna → Wyszła wcześniej, bo jechałą pociągiem do Kiruny.

Czas przyszły w przeszłości

Osobny artykuł: Czas przyszły w języku angielskim.

Osobny artykuł: Mowa zależna w języku angielskim.

Czas Future in the past we wszystkich formach używa się głównie w narracji. Formy tego czasu są pochodnymi czasów przyszłych i zachowują one swoje znaczenie, różnica polega na zastąpieniu czasownika modalnego will przez would^[3].

Aspekt	Czas przyszły	Czas przyszły w przeszłości
Prosty	He will watch	He would watch
Postępujący	He will be watching	He would be watching
Przeszły	He will have watched	He would have watched
Przeszły postępujący	He will have been watching	He would have been watching

Future Simple: The journey will be dangerous → Podróż będzie niebezpieczna. Ale: He said the journey would be dangerous → Powiedział, że podróż będzie niebezpieczna.
Future Progressive: At three o'clock I shall be watching TV → O trzeciej będę oglądał telewizję ale He mentioned that at three o'clock he would be watching TV → Wspomniał, że o trzeciej będzie oglądał telewizję.
Future Perfect: I`ll have seen the doctor by Friday → Do piątku pójdę do lekarza. Ale He assured he would have met the doctor by Friday.
Future Perfect Continuous: By the end of this year I`ll have been learning English for 30 years ale She knew that By the end of this year I`d have been learning English for 30 years → Ona wiedziała, że gdy rok minie, będę uczył się angielskiego od 30 lat.

Formy gramatyczne

Future Simple in the Past (Czas przyszły prosty w przeszłości)

Osoba	Forma twierdząca	Forma pytająca	Forma przecząca	Skrócona odpowiedź twierdząca	Skrócona odpowiedź przecząca
1 sg	I would/should read	would/should I read?	I would/should not read	Yes, I would/should	No, I would/should not
2 sg + pl	you would read	would you read?	you would not read	Yes, you would	No, you would not
3 sg	he/she/it would read	would he/she/it read?	he/she/it has not read	Yes, he/she/it would	No, he/she/it would not
1 pl	weI would/should read	would/should we read?	I would/should not read	Yes, we would/should	No, we would/should not
3 pl	they would read	would they read?	they would not read	Yes, they would	No, they would not

Strona bierna czasu:

Osoba	Forma twierdząca	Forma pytająca	Forma przecząca	Skrócona odpowiedź twierdząca	Skrócona odpowiedź przecząca
1 sg	I would/should be seen	would/should I be seen?	I would/should not be seen	Yes, I would/should	No, I would/should not
2 sg + pl	you would be seen	would you be seen?	you would not be seen	Yes, you would	No, you would not
3 sg	he/she/it would be seen	would he/she/it be seen?	he/she/it has not be seen	Yes, he/she/it would	No, he/she/it would not
1 pl	we would/should be seen	would/should we be seen?	I would/should not be seen	Yes, we would/should	No, we would/should not
3 pl	they would be seen	would they be seen?	they would not be seen	Yes, they would	No, they would not

Future Continuous in the Past (Czas przyszły postępujący w przeszłości)

Osoba	Forma twierdząca	Forma pytająca	Forma przecząca	Skrócona odpowiedź twierdząca	Skrócona odpowiedź przecząca
1 sg	I would/should be reading	would/should I be reading?	I would/should not be reading	Yes, I would/should	No, I would/should not
2 sg + pl	You would be reading	would you be reading?	you would not be reading	Yes, you would	No, you would not
3 sg	he/she/it would be reading	would he/she/it be reading?	he/she/it would not be reading	Yes, he/she/it would	No, he/she/it would not
1 pl	we would/should be reading	would/should we be reading?	we would/should not be reading	Yes, we would/should	No, we would/should not
3 pl	they would be reading	would they be reading?	they would not be reading	Yes, they would	No, they would not

Odmiana w stronie biernej:

Osoba	Forma twierdząca	Forma pytająca	Forma przecząca	Skrócona odpowiedź twierdząca	Skrócona odpowiedź przecząca
1 sg	I would/should be being watched	would/should I be being watched?	I would/should not be being watched	Yes, I would/should	No, I would/should not
2 sg + pl	You would be being watched	would you be being watched?	you would not be being watched	Yes, you would	No, you would not
3 sg	he/she/it would be being watched	would he/she/it be being watched?	he/she/it would not be being watched	Yes, he/she/it would	No, he/she/it would not
1 pl	we would/should be being watched	would/should we be being watched?	we would/should not be being watched	Yes, we would/should	No, we would/should not
3 pl	they would be being watched	would they be being watched?	they would not be being watched	Yes, they would	No, they would not

Future Perfect in the Past (Czas zaprzeszły w przyszłości)

Osoba	Forma twierdząca	Forma pytająca	Forma przecząca	Skrócona odpowiedź twierdząca	Skrócona odpowiedź przecząca
1 sg	I would/should have read	would/should I have read?	I would/should not have read	Yes, I would/should	No, I would/should not
2 sg + pl	you would have read	would you have read?	you would not have read	Yes, you would	No, you would not
3 sg	he/she/it has have read	has he/she/it have read?	he/she/it has not have read	Yes, he/she/it has	No, he/she/it has not
1 pl	weI would/should have read	would/should we have read?	I would/should not have read	Yes, we would/should	No, we would/should not
3 pl	they would have read	would they have read?	they would not have read	Yes, they would	No, they would not

Odmiana w stronie biernej:

Osoba	Forma twierdząca	Forma pytająca	Forma przecząca	Skrócona odpowiedź twierdząca	Skrócona odpowiedź przecząca
1 sg	I would/should have been seen	would/should I have been seen?	I would/should not have been seen	Yes, I would/should	No, I would/should not
2 sg + pl	you would have been seen	would you have been seen?	you would not have been seen	Yes, you would	No, you would not
3 sg	he/she/it would have been seen	would he/she/it have been seen?	he/she/it would not have been seen	Yes, he/she/it would	No, he/she/it has would
1 pl	weI would/should have been seen	would/should we have been seen?	I would/should not have been seen	Yes, we would/should	No, we would/should not
3 pl	they would have been seen	would they have been seen?	they would not have been seen	Yes, they would	No, they would not

Future Perfect Progressive in the Past (czas przyszły postępujący w przeszłości)

Osoba	Forma twierdząca	Forma pytająca	Forma przecząca	Skrócona odpowiedź twierdząca	Skrócona odpowiedź przecząca
1 sg	I would/should have been reading	would/should I have been reading?	I would/should not have been reading	Yes, I would/should	No, I would/should not
2 sg + pl	You would have been reading	would you have been reading?	you would not have been reading	Yes, you would	No, you would not
3 sg	he/she/it has been reading	has he/she/it been reading?	he/she/it has not been reading	Yes, he/she/it has	No, he/she/it has not
1 pl	weI would/should have been reading	would/should we have been reading?	I would/should not have been reading	Yes, we would/should	No, we would/should not
3 pl	they would have been reading	would they have been reading?	they would not have been reading	Yes, they would	No, they would not

Przypisy

↑ Michael Swan: Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, s. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-442098-3.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Geoffrey Leech: An A – Z of English Grammar and Usage. Harlow: Longman, 2001, s. 380-381. ISBN 0-582-40574-2.
↑ Geoffrey Leech: An A – Z of English Grammar and Usage. Harlow: Longman, 2001, s. 603. ISBN 0-582-40574-2.

[fupa-1] Michael Swan: Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, s. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-442098-3.

[fupa1-2] Geoffrey Leech: An A – Z of English Grammar and Usage. Harlow: Longman, 2001, s. 380-381. ISBN 0-582-40574-2.

[3] Geoffrey Leech: An A – Z of English Grammar and Usage. Harlow: Longman, 2001, s. 603. ISBN 0-582-40574-2.

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